1. Cylinder Liner

A cylindrical part fitted into the engine block to form the cylinder. It houses the piston and piston rings. Example: Isuzu Engine 6BG1 Cylinder Liner installed in a Hitachi Excavator ZX200.

2. Piston

A component that moves up and down inside the cylinder liner, converting pressure into rotational energy. Example: Caterpillar Engine C7 Piston used in a Caterpillar Wheel Loader 950H.

3. Crankshaft Bearing

Also known as the main bearing, it supports the crankshaft and allows it to rotate smoothly within the engine block. Example: Cummins Engine 6BT Crankshaft Bearing installed in a Doosan Excavator DX225LC.

4. Connecting Rod

Connects the piston to the crankshaft, transmitting the combustion force. Example: Komatsu Engine 4D95 Connecting Rod for a Komatsu Mini Excavator PC50MR-2.

5. Turbocharger

A forced induction device that increases an engine's power by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber. Example: Weichai Engine WP10 Turbocharger on a Shantui Bulldozer SD16.

6. Diesel Pump (Fuel Injection Pump)

Pressurizes and supplies diesel fuel to the injectors at the correct timing and pressure. Example: Yanmar Engine 4TNV98 Diesel Pump in a Takeuchi Track Loader TL10.

7. Water Pump

Circulates coolant through the engine block, cylinder head, and radiator to maintain optimal operating temperature. Example: Kubota Engine D902 Water Pump for a Kubota Tractor L3901.

8. Cylinder Head

Sits above the cylinder block, forming the roof of the combustion chamber and housing the valves and injectors. Example: Cummins Engine ISBe Cylinder Head used in a JCB Excavator 3CX.

9. Oil Pump

Pumps lubricating oil from the oil sump to various moving parts of the engine to prevent friction. Example: Caterpillar Engine C15 Oil Pump for a Caterpillar Motor Grader 140K.

10. Thrust Washer

A semi-circular component used to limit the axial movement (end play) of the crankshaft. Example: Komatsu Engine S6D125 Thrust Washer found in a Komatsu Dump Truck HM400-3.